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1 ἐκ
ἐκ, vor Vocalen ἐξ, doch zuweilen auch vor Consonanten, bes. σ in Inscr., wo vor β, δ, λ u. μ auch ἐγ geschrieben ist. Praeposit. c. genit. Im Allgemeinen das Ausgehen aus Etwas heraus bezeichnend: – 1) vom Orte, aus, von Etwas her, – a) zunächst bei Verbis der Bewegung, den Ausgangspunkt bezeichnend; ἐκ Πύλου ἐλϑὼν τηλόϑεν ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης Il. 1, 269, u. so bei allen Folgenden; ἐξ οἴκων μολεῖν Soph. Phil. 60; ἐξιέναι ἐκ γῆς εἰς φῶς Plat. Prot. 321 c; ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου ἀνέβησαν ἐπὶ γήλοφον Xen. An. 3, 4, 25; ἐκ νηῶν, ἐκ πόντοιο, von den Schiffen aus, Il. 8, 213 Od. 19, 375; auch übertr., μεταστρέψαι ἦτορ ἐκ χόλου, vom Zorn abwenden, Il. 10, 107. Auch hier stehen die Menschen oft für das Land, ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων ἐλϑεῖν Xen. Cyr. 6, 2, 9, vgl. An. 1, 7, 13; ἃ ἐκ τῶν Ταόχων ἔλαβον 4, 7, 17; ἐξ ἐμοῦ, aus meinem Hause, Ar. Par 1195; ἐκ τῶν γειτόνων, aus der Nachbarschaft, Lycurg. 21; Ar. Plut. 431. An σώζειν ἐκ τῆςδε γῆς, Soph. Phil. 524, schließt sich ἐκ πολλῶν ἔσωσας, El. 1348; ἐκ κακῶν πεφευγέναι, Ant. 833; παῦσον ἐκ κακῶν ἐμέ El. 975; κολώνης ἐξ ἄκρας νεόῤῥυτοι πηγαί 882; ἐκ φοινίας πληγῆς αἱμα Ai. 901; vgl. ἐξ ἀειρύτου χοὰς κρήνης ἔνεγκον O. C. 470; δύςνιπτον ἐκ δέλτου γραφήν Tr. 680; ἀμφίκλυστος ἐκ πόντου πέτρα Phil. 777, aus dem Meere hervorragend; ἐξ ἀγορᾶς ὠνεῖσϑαι Plat. com. Poll. 6, 103; ἐκ χρυσῶν φιαλῶν πίνειν, aus goldenen Schalen, Xen. Cyr. 5, 3, 3; ἐξ ὕπνου ἐγείρειν Il. 5, 413. – b) Eine eigenthümliche Kürze liegt in Ausdrücken wie ὁ ἐκ Βυζαντίου ἁρμοστὴς μέλλει ἥξειν Xen. An. 6, 2, 17, wie auch wir »der Harmost aus Byzanz wird kommen« sagen; ἁρπάζειν τὰ ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν, das, was im Hause ist, aus demselben rauben, plündern, Cyr. 7, 2, 5; τοὺς ἐκ τῶν πόλεων λαβεῖν An. 1, 2, 3; οἱ ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἔϑεον u. ä.; einfacher ist τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἀγροῦ ὡραῖα 5, 3, 9; ἅπαντα τἀκ τῆς οἰκίας ἀπώλεσεν Philem. Stob. fl. 105, 50; οἱ ἐκ τῶν νήσων κακοῦργοι ἀνέστησαν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ, die Räuber auf den Inseln wurden von diesem verjagt, Thuc. 1, 8, vgl. 1, 105. 2, 5. 13. – Mit δέχου δὲ χειρὸς ἐξ ἐμῆς βέλη Soph. Phil. 1271 u. μεϑιέναι O. C. 910 ist zu vgl. οἱ ἐκ χειρὸς βάλλοντες, das sind ἀκοντισταί, Xen. An. 3, 3, 15; ἐκ χειρὸς χρῆσϑαι Cyr. 1, 2, 9, u. oft μάχεσϑαι u. ä. – c) Sehr häufig sind bes. bei den Geschichtschreibern die Bezeichnungen ἐκ δεξιᾶς, ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς u. ä., von der rechten Seite, die oft auch mit Verdis der Ruhe verbunden sind: ἐκ τοῦ ἔμπροσϑεν στῆναι Xen. Cyr. 2, 2, 6; οἱ ἐξ ἐναντίας 7, 1, 20; ἐκ μὲν τοῦ ἐπὶ ϑάτερα Plat. Prot. 314 e; τόπος ἀπότομος ἐκ ϑαλάττης, von der Meeresseite, Crit. 118 a; ἐκ μὲν ϑαλάττης τὴν Εὕβοιαν προβαλέσϑαι πρὸ τῆς Ἀττικῆς, ἐκ δὲ μεσογαίας τὴν Βοιωτίαν Dem. 18, 301. Vgl. πολλὰ μὲν γὰρ ἐκ ϑαλάσσης, πολλὰ ἐκ χέρσου κακὰ γίγνεται ϑνητοῖς Aesch. Pers. 694; τοὺς ἱππέας ἐκ πλαγίου τάττειν τῶν Ἀϑηναίων, den Athenern in die Flanken stellen, Thuc. 7, 6; daher οἱ ἐκ τοῦ πλαγίου, die in der Flanke stehenden, Xen. Cyr. 7, 1, 20; – ἐξ ἀγχιμόλοιο ἰδεῖν, in der Nähe, Il. 24, 352; ἐκ πολλοῦ, πλείονος u. ä. φεύγειν, ἐκ τοσούτου διώκειν, von weitem, aus so weiter Entfernung, Thuc. 4, 129 Xen. An. 1, 10, 11 u. öfter; Hell. 4, 4, 10 An. 2, 21, 8; ἐκ τόξου ῥύματος καταλαβεῖν, von Bogenschußweite aus, An. 3, 3, 15; ἐξ ἀκοντίου βολῆς ᾕρουν Xen. Hell. 4, 5, 15; ἐξ ὄψεως μήκους Cyr. 4, 3, 16; ἐκ πολλοῠ προορᾶν 5, 4, 49; Sp., wie ἐξ εἴκοσι βημάτων, auf zwanzig Schritt, Plut. Demetr. 21. – d) die Bdtg außerhalb ist in ἐκ καπνοῠ κατέϑηκα Od. 19, 7 nur scheinbar, u. eine Kürze des Ausdruckes, aus dem Rauch wegtragen u. niederlegen; οὕτω τοι καὶ ἐγὼν ἐκ πατρίδος, sc. φεύγω, Od. 15, 222; von Streitern, ἄστεος ἐκ σφετέρου, fern von, Il. 18, 210; vgl. Her. 2, 142; ἐκ μέσου καϑῆσϑαι, sich aus der Mitte wegsetzen, 3, 83, wie ἐκ μέσου γίγνεσϑαι, Aesch. ep. 12, sich zurückziehen; bei Paus. 3, 14, 9 ist ἐκ τῆς πόλεως in ἐκτός von Sylburg geändert. – e) An kann es übersetzt werden in ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα, er hing die Leier an den Pflock, nämlich so, daß sie von diesem herabhing, Od. 8, 67; ἀνάπτεσϑαι ἔκ τινος, an Etwas anknüpfen, so daß das Band davon auszugehen scheint, 12, 51; ἐξ ἄντυγος ἡνία τείνας Il. 5, 322; μαχαίρας εἶχον ἐκ τελαμώνων 18, 598; τῆς δ' (ἀσπίδος) ἐξ ἀργύρεος τελαμὼν ἦν, an demselben, 11, 38; προςφυὲς ἔκ τινος, daran sitzend, Od. 19, 58. Man vgl. ἐκ τῶν ζωστήρων φορεῖν φιάλας Her. 4, 40, am Gürtel hangend, wie 9, 74; τὰ δρέπανα ἐκ τῶν ἀξόνων Xen. An. 1, 8, 10. So auch ἐκ χειρὸς λαμβάνεσϑαι u. ä., ἐκ σκήπτρου ὁδοιπορεῖν, an einem Stabe, Soph. O. C. 848; vgl. τοῖς τυφλοῖσι κέλευϑος ἐκ προηγητοῠ πέλει, die Blinden wandern an der Hand des Führers, Ant. 989; – die Uebersetzung auf in Verbindungen wie ἕλκεν νευρὴν – αὐτόϑεν ἐκ δίφροιο καϑήμενος, ἧκε δ' ὀϊστόν Od. 21, 420 ist nicht genau, es ist auch hier = von dem Sitze aus, dasitzend, wie auch bei Soph. Ant. 407 καϑἠμεϑ' ἄκρων ἐκ πάγων an das Hinabschauen vom Berge zu denken, wie Il. 14, 154 Ἥρη εἰςεῖδε –. στᾶσ' ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο u. Thuc. 3, 22 ᾔσϑοντο οἱ ἐκ τῶν πύργων, die auf den Thürmen Befindlichen bemerkten es von da aus, vgl. b). – Das Ausgehen von Etwas ist auch ein Absondern, Trennen von, aus, ἐκ δεσμῶν λυϑείς Aesch. Prom. 507. 874; so bes. ἐκ πάντων, aus Allen heraus, vor Allen, Il. 4, 96, wie ἐκ μὲν ἀλλάων ἁλιάων ἀνδρὶ δάμασσεν 18, 432; τὰν ἐκ πασᾶν τιμᾷς ὑπερταταν πόλεων Soph. Ant. 1124; ἐκ δὲ τῶν μάλιστ' ἐγώ O. C. 746, wie ἐκ πάντων μάλιστα Thuc. 2, 49 u. sonst; fast die Stelle des genit. partitivus vertretend, ἐκ πολέων πίσυρες, vier aus, von vielen, Il. 15, 680; ὅν ποτ' ἐκ πολλῶν ἐγὼ μόνον προςεῦρον πιστόν Soph. El. 1343; vgl. O. C. 70 Ant. 652 Tr. 731; μοῠνος ἐξ ἁπάντων Her. 5, 87; οὗτοι ἐσώϑησαν ἐκ τῶν ἀμφὶ τοὺς μυρίους Xen. An. 5, 3, 3; ἐκ πάντων προτιμᾶσϑαι Thuc. 1, 120; ἐκ πάντων τιμᾶν, vor Allen ehren, Her. 1, 134. – 2) In mannichfaltigen Verbindungen bezeichnet es den Ursprung, wobei immer an einen stetigen Zusammenhang des Abgeleiteten u. des Ursprünglichen zu denken ist: – a) den leiblichen Ursprung, sowohl den Vater als die Mutter bezeichnend; bei Hom. gew. ἔκ τινος εἶναι u. γενέσϑαι, vollständiger ἐξ ἐμοῠ γένος ἐσσί, du stammst von mir dem Geschlechte nach, Il. 5, 896; ὦ παῖ, πατρὸς ἐξ Ἀχιλλέος Soph. Phil. 260; ἐκ κείνου γεγώς Ai. 467; ἐξ ἧς ἔφυ γυναικός O. R. 458; Ai. 1268; μητρὸς ἐξ ὀρεσκόου βλάστημα Aesch. Spt. 514; σέϑεν γὰρ ἐξ αἵματος γεγόναμεν Spt. 118; Plat. αὐτοί τε ἀγαϑοὶ καὶ ἐξ ἀγαϑῶν Phaedr. 246 a; αὐτὴ ϑνητὴ ἐκ ϑνητῶν Legg. X, 889 d; ἐκ γενναίων γαμεῖν Eur. Andr. 1280. – b) vom Vaterlande, ξένος μέν εἰμι Δαυλιεὺς ἐκ Φωκέων Aesch. Ch. 663; ὁ ἐξ Αἰτωλίας, = Αἰτωλός, Soph. El. 694; οἱ ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας, die Perser, Isocr. 4, 82. Hieran reihen sich bes. bei Späteren Umschreibungen, οἱ ἐκ Μακεδονίας βασιλεῖς, die macedonischen Könige, Pol. 2, 40, 5; οἱ ἐκ τῆς συγκλήτου, die Senatoren 3, 97, 1; οἱ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, die Bürger, 4, 71, 11. Geläufig war οἱ ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου, Oratt. Man vgl. οἱ ἐκ τῆς διατριβῆς ταύτης Aesch. 1, 54; οἱ ἐκ τοῠ περιπάτου, die Peripatetiker, Luc. Hermot. 11; u. was sich weiter davon entfernt, ϑάπτειν τοὺς ἐκ τῶν πολέμων, die in den Kriegen Gefallenen, Thuc. 2, 34 (vgl. ἀνελόμενος τοὺς ἐκ τῆς ναυμαχίας Plat. apol. 32 b); οἱ ἐκ τῶν ὑποδεεστέρων, die Dürftigeren, 2, 89; οἱ ἐκ διπλασίων κτημάτων Plat. Legg. V, 743 b. – c) seltener zeigt es den Stoff an; ἐκ ξύλων ποιεῦντες τὰ πλοῖα Her. 1, 194; 3, 24; ἐκ πέτρας εἰργασμένος Aesch. Prom. 242; πίνοντας ἐκ κριϑῶν μέϑυ Suppl. 931; τὸ ἄγκιστρον εἶναι ἐξ ἀδάμαντος Plat. Rep. X, 616 c; στράτευμα ἐξ ἐραστῶν, aus Liebhabern bestehend, Xen. Conv. 8, 32. Man vgl. noch ἐκ ποταμοῦ νίζεσϑαι Od. 6, 224;. ἐκ χρημάτων τριήρεις παρασκευάζεσϑαι Plut. Them. 4; ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων (χρημάτων), aus eigenen Mitteln, Dem. 19, 229; ἐκ τῶν κοινῶν ταῖς ἰδίαις ἀπορίαις βοηϑεῖν Isocr. 12, 140; ζῆν ἔκ τινος, Xen. Hell. 3, 2, 11; τρέφειν τινὰ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων, Isocr. 15, 152; vgl. unten f. – d) vom geistigen Ursprunge, innerem Antriebe, ἐκ ϑυμοῠ φιλεῖν, aus Herzensgrunde, Il. 9, 486, wie Bion. 4, 2; ἐξ ἔριδος μάχεσϑαι, in Folge des Streites, aus Haß, Il. 7, 111; Od. 4, 343; so Tragg., δακρυχέων ἐκ φρενός Aesch. Spt. 902; Ag. 532; ὁ ἐκ φρενὸς λόγος Ch. 105: ἐκ ποίου φρονήματος ἀτιμάζεις Suppl. 889; ἐξ εὐμενῶν στέρνων δέχεσϑαι τὸν ἱκέτην Soph. O. C. 487; οὐδὲν ἐκ σαυτῆς λέγεις El. 344, vgl. O. R. 528; ἐκ παντὸς τοῠ νοῦ Plat. Gorg. 510 b; ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς φίλος Xen. An. 7, 7, 43; ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀσπάζεσϑαι Oec. 10, 4. – e) Ganz allgemein von der Veranlassung, von der Etwas ausgeht; μήνιος ἐξ ὀλοῆς, in Folge, wegen des Zorns, Od. 3, 135; ἐξ ἀρέων κεχολωμένος Il. 9, 566; ἀρϑεὶς νεικέων ἐξ ἀμφιλόγων Soph. Ant. 111; ἐκ τέχνης κακῆς πράσσειν Phil. 88; vgl. Plat. Tim. 33 d; ἐξ ἀβουλίας πεσεῖν Soph. El. 390; ἐκ φόβου γλῶσσαν ἐγκλῄσας ἔχω Ant. 180; παλαιῶν Ἄρεος ἐκ μηνιμάτων Eur. Phoen. 914. Dah. ἐκ τίνος ἐπλήγης; weshalb. Xen. An. 5, 8, 4; vgl. ἐκ διαβολῆς, ἐξ ὑποψίας, 2, 5, 5; ἀγαϑὸς ἐκ πολυμαϑίας γενόμενος Plat. Legg. VII, 811 a, wie ἐκ τέχνης ποιητὴς ἐσόμενος Phaedr. 245 a; ἔπαινον εἴληφεν ἔκ τινος Legg. I, 625 a; ἐκ τοιᾶςδε προφάσεως Critia. 120 d; ἄχϑεσϑαι ἔκ τινος Rep. VIII, 549 d; ἐξ ὑποβολῆς Xen. Cyr. 3, 3, 37; ἀρέσκειν ἔκ τινος Conv. 4, 57; μισεῖν ἐκ τῶν ἐγκλημάτων Dem. 1, 7; ἐκ τῆς βουλῆς 24, 63; μηδεὶς ἐκ τριηραρχίας ὑπάρξει ἀτελής 20, 20; ἐλπίδας ἔχειν ἔκ τινος Thuc. 1, 84; ἐξ εὐεργεσιῶν εὐμενῶς διατεϑείς Isocr. 4, 28. Vgl. noch τὰ ἐξ ἀδικίας κέρδη Plat. Rep. II, 366 a; οἱ ἐκ τοῠ ἀδίκου φιλοκερδοῠντες Xen. An. 1, 9, 16; Cyr. 8, 8, 18; ἐκ τοῦ δικαίου Hell. 6, 5, 16; κτᾶσϑαι Lys. 19, 9. Aehnlich πῶς ἔχει ἐκ τοῦ τραύματος, in Folge, d. i. nach den Wunden, s. unten Xen. Cyr. 5, 4, 10. Häufig so auch von Personen, ἐκ ϑεό φιν πολεμίζειν, auf Antrieb der Götter, Il. 17, 101; ἐξ ἀνδρῶν τλῆμεν, auf Anlaß der Männer, 5, 384; τιμὴ ἐκ Διός ἐστιν 2, 197; vgl. Hes. O. 30; ὄναρ ἐκ Διός, ein vom Zeus veranlaßter Traum, Il. 1, 63; ἐκ Διὸς πάσχω κακῶς Aesch. Prom. 761; πᾶσαι τέχναι βροτοῖσιν ἐκ Προμηϑέως 504; ἄτιμοι ἐκ ϑεῶν Ag. 997; vgl. ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων Eum. 327; τὰ ἐκ προτέρων ἀμπλακήματα 894; ἐξ ἐμοῠ κτήσει χάριν Soph. Phil. 1356; ἐπαίνου ἔκ τινος τυχεῖν Ant. 665; Tr. 449; τὰ ἐκ ϑεῶν τρέμοντες O. C. 257, den Götterspruch; ἡ ἐκ σοῦ δυσμένεια, dein Uebelwollen, El. 619; ἀπιστία ἔκ τινος Xen. An. 7, 7, 30; ὁ ἐκ τῶν Ἑλλήνων εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρους φόβος, von den Hellenen ausgehend, veranlaßt, 1, 2, 18; ψόφος ἔκ τινος Thuc. 3, 22; σωτηρία ἔκ τινος, durch Einen bewirkte Rettung, Plat. Rep. VIII, 494 a; τὰ ἐξ Ἑλλήνων τείχεα Her. 2, 148; ἡ ἐκ τῶν Ἑλλήνων εὔνοια Pol. 3, 6, 13; ἡ ἐκ τούτου πρᾶξις 9, 29, 7; ἡ ἐκ τῆς πονηρίας αἰσχύνη, ἡ ἐκ τοῠ δανείζεσϑαι ἀμηχανία, Plut. vit. aer. al. 6. Daher steht ἐκ sogar bei passivis für ὑπό, Hom. ἐφίληϑεν ἐκ Διός Il. 2, 669; τετίμηται ἐκ παίδων Od. 7, 70; Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδε' ἐφῆπται ἐκ Διός Il. 2, 69; ἐκ φίλων κρατηϑείς Aesch. Spt. 322; ἐκ ϑεῶν δοϑείς Eum. 470; ἐκ βασιλέως δεδομένος Her. 8, 114; Xen. An. 1, 1, 6; ἐκ ϑεῶν δωρηϑέν Plat. Tim. 47 b. So bei tödten, umkommen, δαμεὶς ἐκ χερος Φοίβου Aesch. Ag. 1501; Soph. Phil. 335; ϑανεῖν Tr. 1123; ἀνδρὸς ἐκ τίνος διώλετο O. R. 225; ὀλοίμην ἐκ ϑεῶν Ch. 1000; vgl. ὡς ἔρις ἔκ τε ϑεῶν ἔκ τ' ἀνϑρώπων ἀπόλοιτο Il. 18, 107; σφαγεὶς ἔκ τινος Eur. I. T. 552. Oft bei Her.; τὸ ποιηϑὲν ἐκ Ψαμμητίχου 2, 151; 3, 14; λεχϑέντα ἐξ Ἀλεξάνδρου 7, 175. Seltener bei den Attikern; τὰἐξ ἐμοῠ πραχϑέντα Antiph. II δ 1; ἐκ τῶν συνειδότων μεμηνῠσϑαι Thuc. 1, 20; ἐκ τῶν κινδυνεύειν ἐϑελόντων ὠφελεῖσϑε Lys. 16, 18; ἐξ ὑμῶν ἐλέγχονται Is. 6, 57; ἐξ ἁπάντων ἀμφιςβητήσεται Plat. Theaet. 171 b; ὁ μῠϑος ἐκ παλαιῶν ἰερέων εἴρηται Legg. IX, 872 e; ἐκ τῶν τυχόντων ἀνϑρώπων συνοικισϑεῖσα Lycurg. 62. Zu vergleichen sind aber ἐκ βασιλέως καϑεστηκώς Xen. Cyr. 8, 6, 9, φεύγειν ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου, durch den Areopag verbannt werden, Din. 1, 44. Bei Tragg. findet sich noch ἄρχεσϑαι ἔκ τινος, Soph. Ant. 63; Eur. Hel. 1030; ἐχϑαρεῖ ἐξ ἐμοῠ, Soph. Ant. 93; ταῦτ' ἐξ Ἀλεξάνδρου ἔργα, Phil. 404; γελᾶσϑαι ἔκ τινος, Eur. Med. 797. Oft bei Aesch. u. A. δέχεσϑαι, ἑλεῖν, λαβεῖν ἐκ χερῶν, s. d. verba (πλουτεῖν ἔκ τινος Dem. 21, 189), wie κλύειν, ἀκούειν ἔκ τινος u. ä. – f) in manchen Verbindungen steht es dem dat. od. adverbialen Bestimmungen gleich; ὑψόσε δ' ἄχνη σκί. δναται ἐξ ἀνέμοιο ἰωῆς Il. 11, 307; so ἐκ βίας = βίᾳ, Soph. Phil. 559 u. öfter; ἐξ ἀνάγκης od. ἐξ ἀναγκαίας τύχης, 73 El. 48; Plat. Phileb. 22 b; vgl. ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἐστί μοι ποιεῖν τι, Antiphan. bei Ath. VI, 224 c; vgl. Plat. Soph. 256 d; ἐκ τῶν δυναμένων Gorg. 525 c; ἐκ τῶν λόγων καὶ ἔργων χαρίζεσϑαι, mit Wort u. That, Phaedr. 931 c; ἐκ δόλου, listig, Soph. El. 271; σίδηρος ὀπτὸς ἐκ πυρός Ant. 471; ἐκ τόξων ἀνύειν γαστρὶ φορβάν Phil. 702; ὑπερχλιδῶντες ἐκ γλώσσης κακῆς Tr. 208; βέβηκε ἐξ ἀκινήτου ποδός 872; u. wo das Ausgehen deutlicher hervortritt, ὀδύρομαι ὡς ἐκ στομάτων O. R. 1218; ἐκ τοῦ ἐμφανοῠς, ἐκ τοῠ φανεροῦ, = φανερῶς, Her. 3, 150; Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 41; Isocr. 4, 147 u. A.; ἐξ ἀπροςδοκήτου, ἀέλπτου, Her. 7, 204. 1, 111; ἐξ ἴσου, 7, 135, τιμᾶν, ἀκούειν ἀμφοτέροιν, auf gleiche Weise, Aesch. Suppl. 400 Dem. 29, 4 Aesch. 1, 28, wie ἐκ τῶν ὁμοίων, Ag. 1397; οὐκ ἐξ ἴσου ἐσμέν, wir stehen nicht gleich, Xen. An. 3, 4, 47; ἐξ ἑτοίμου ἀκοντίζειν Cyr. 8, 5, 12; ἐξ ἑτοιμοτάτου, 5, 3, 57; vgl. ἐκ τῆς ἰϑείης, νέης, ὑστέρης, Her. 3, 127. 5, 116. 6, 85; ἐξ ἐπιβουλῆς Xen. An. 6, 2, 7. – 3) Hieran reiht sich die Bdtg gemäß, d. i. von Etwas ausgehend und durch Etwas veranlaßt; ἔκρινα ἐξ ὀνειράτων ἃ χρὴ ὕπαρ γενέσϑαι Aesch. Prom. 483; ἐκ τῶνδε, demgemäß; ἐξ ὧν σὺ λέγεις ἔοικε Plat. Prot. 313 c; ἀδύνατον ἐκ τῶν ὡμολογημένων, nach dem, 358 e; ἐξ ὧν ἀκούω κρίνω Xen. An. 1, 10, 28, wie ἐκ τῶν ἔργων Cyr. 2, 2, 21; ἐκ τῆς ὄψιος τοῠ ὀνεί. ρου Her. 2, 152; ἐξ ὧν ἐγὼ ἀκοῇ αἰσϑάνομαι Thuc. 6, 17; ἐξ ὦν ᾔσϑημαι Plat. Phaed. 61 c; ἐκ τῶν λόγων καὶ τῶν ἔργων χαρίζεσϑαι 231 c, vgl. 243 d; ἐκ τῆς νικώσης πάντα ἔπραττον, nach Stimmenmehrheit, Xen. An. 5, 9, 18, wie ἐκ τῶν λεγομένων καὶ μαρτυρουμένων ψηφίζεσϑαι Dem. 46, 4. Häufig bei Rednern αἱ ἐκ τῶν νόμων ζημίαι, τιμωρίαι, δίκη, ἐπιτίμια, die gesetzmäßigen, gesetzlichen, z. B. Dem. 58, 8. 18, 13. 19, 281; Lycurg. 4, 8; ἡ ἐκ τοῠ νόμου ἀρά Dem. 19, 70; vgl. τόδ' ἐκ νόμων σέβας Aesch. Eum. 92; ἐκ κελεύσματος Pers. 389; ἐκ τοῠ δικαίου Pol. 15, 22, 1; μηδέποτε ἐκ λόγου σκοπεῖσϑαι, vernunftgemäß, Dem. 25, 42; ἐκ τῶν παρόντων, der gegenwärtigen Lage, den Umständen gemäß, Thuc. 3, 29; Xen. An. 3, 2, 3 u. Folgende, wie Plat. Alc. 38; ὡς δυνατὸν ἐκ τοῠ τοιούτου τρόπου, bei einem solchen Charakter, Xen. An. 2, 6, 8; vgl. Ar. Th. 99; anders ἐκ τρόπου τοιοῠδε, auf folgende Weise, Lys. 13, 7, wie μαστεύουσι ζῆν ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου Xen. An. 3, 1, 43; Thuc. 6, 92. 8, 66; – ἐξ ὀνόματος προςαγορεύειν, mit Namen, Plut. Crass. 3. – 4) Eine Zeitfolge, bes. ἐξ οὗ, ἐκ τοῠ, ἐκ τούτου, seitdem, Il. 1, 493. 8, 295; bei allen Folgenden sehr gewöhnlich; ἃ 'κ τῶνδε δράσω Soph. O. R. 235. Bestimmter ἐκ γενετῆς, von Geburt an, Il. 24, 535; ἐκ νεότητος ἐς γῆρας 14, 86; bei Attikern bes. ἐκ τῶν παίδων, auch ἐκ νέων εὐϑύς, Plat. Legg. I, 642 h; ἐκ μικροῦ παιδαρίου αὐτὸν ἔϑρεψε Dem. 53, 19; ἐκ πολλοῠ χρόνου Plat. Men. 234 e; ἐκ τριῶν ἐτέων προετοιμάζετο Her. 7, 22; ἐξ ἦρος εἰς ἀρκτοῠρον Soph. O. R. 1137; ἐξ ἕω, vom Morgen an, Ar. Eccl. 85; ἐκ τοῦ ἀρίστου Xen. An. 4, 6, 21, gleich nach dem Frühstück; ἐξ ὀλίγων ἡμερῶν, auch ἐξ ὀλίγου λέγειν, nach Vorbereitung weniger Tage sprechen, Lys. 2, 1; ἐξ ἀρχῆς, von Anfang an, zuerst, Hom. u. alle Folgdn; ἐκ παλαιοῠ u. ἐκ παλαιτάτου, schon längst, ἐκ τοῠ λοιποῠ χρόνου, Dem. 59, 46. Uebh. drückt es die unmittelbare Zeitfolge aus, ἐκ πολλῆς ἡσυχίας, nach langer Ruhe, Her. 1, 86; ἐκ τῶν πρόσϑεν δακρύων γελᾶν Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 28, gleich nach dem Weinen lachen; ἐπειδή μ' ἐκ τοῦ πόνου ὁ ὕπνος ἀνῆκεν Plat. Prot. 310 d; Phaedr. 251 a; vgl. ἔπειτα ἐκ τούτων τρίτον Phil. 27 b, nach diesem den dritten; womit sich wieder die Bdtg. in Folge verbindet in ἐκ τρωμάτων ϑνήσκειν Her. 2, 63; ἐξ ἧς μάχης ἐμοὶ τἀριστεῖα ἔδοσαν οἱ στρατηγοί, nach und in Folge welcher Schlacht, Plat. Conv. 220 d. Daran reiht sich – a) das Uebergehen aus einem Zustande in einen andern, κάλλιστον ἦμαρ εἰςιδεῖν ἐκ χείματος, nach dem Sturm, Aesch. Ag. 874; τυφλὸς γὰρ ἐκ δεδορκότος Soph. O. R. 454, blind aus einem sehenden, nachdem man sehend gewesen; λευκὴν ἐκ μελαίνης ἀμφιβάλλομαι τρίχα Ant. 1080; ἐκ τοιούτου ϑῆλυς εὕρημαι Tr. 1064; ἐκ σμικρῶν εἰς τυραννίδα ἀφικέσϑαι Eur. Hel. 1030; ὑπὸ στέγαισί τε οἵαισι ναίω, βασιλικῶν ἐκ δωμάτων, nachdem ich km Palast gewohnt, El. 306; τὰ καινὰ ἐκ τῶν ἠϑάδων ἡδίον' ἐστίν Cycl. 250: χρήσιμον ἐξ ἀχρήστου ποιεῖν Plat. Rep. VII, 530 c; λύκος ἐξ ἀνϑρώπου γενέσϑαι VIII, 566 a; ἐξ ἐλάττονος ὄντος πρότερον ἔπειτα μεῖζον γίγνεσϑαι Phaed. 70 e; ἐλεύϑερος ἐκ δούλου καὶ πλούσιος ἐκ πτωχοῠ γεγονώς Dem. 18, 131; Xen. An. 7, 7, 28 u. A., wo überall auch der Ausgangspunkt durch ἐκ bezeichnet ist. – b) das unmittelbare Aufeinanderfolgen, daher Ausdruck der Häufung; ἐξ ἡμέρης ἐς ἡμέρην ἀναβάλλειν, von Tag zu Tag, Her. 9, 8; ξενίζουσ' ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας Henioch. Stob. fl. 43, 27; δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῠ Il. 19, 290; πόλιν ἐκ πόλεως, Stadt vor Stadt, Plat. Soph. 224 b; χεὶρ ἐκ χειρός Aesch. Ag. 1109; ἀεί τιν' ἐκ φόβου φόβον τρέφω, eine Besorgniß nach der andern, Soph. Tr. 28; μόχϑος ἐκ μόχϑων Eur. I. T. 191; ἐλπίδες ἐξ ἐλπίδων Dem. 19, 18; ἄλλον ἐξ ἄλλου τύραννον μεταβάλλειν Plut. Timol. 1.
Adverbium : ἐκ δ' ἀργύρεον τελαμῶνα, daran, Il. 18, 480. Bei Soph. Tr. 1042 ἐκ μὲν ἐσχάτας βέβρωκε σάρκας – ἐκ δὲ χλωρὸν αίμά μου πέπωκεν u. ähnlichen Ausdrücken pflegt man eine Tmesis anzunehmen. – Man vgl. διέκ, παρέκ, ὑπέκ.
Bei Hom. u. andern Ep. wird ἐκ durch mehrere Wörter von seinem Genitiv getrennt, wie man wenigstens Fälle, wie ἐκ δ' ἔβαλ' ἵππων Il. 11, 109 erkl.; bei denselben wird es auch nicht selten dem casus nachgesetzt, z. B. τῆς δ' ἐξ ἀργύρεος τελαμὼν ἦν Il. 11, 38, in welchem Falle es am Ende des Verses, 14, 472 Od. 17, 518, oder wo noch ein genitiv folgt, wie Il. 5, 865 καύματος ἒξ ἀνέμοιο δυςαέος ὀρνυμένοιο, den Accent bekommt.
In der Zusammensetzung bedeutet es – 1) die Entfernung heraus, weg, z. B. ἐκβάλλω, ἔξειμι u. ä. – 2) den Ursprung, ἔκγονος. – 3) Vollendung, ein Herausarbeiten, ἐκβαρβαρόω, ἐξοπλίζω, ἐκπικρος.
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2 παρά
παρά (Hom.+. On elision s. B-D-F §17; Rob. 208) prep. w. three cases (Kühner-G. §440; Schwyzer II 491–98; B-D-F §236–38; Rob. 612–16. Further lit. s.v. ἀνά, beg.; also HRau, De praepositionis παρά usu: GCurtius, Studien etc. III 1870).A. W. gen., which nearly always as in Hom., Hdt., Pla., X. et al. denotes a pers., and indicates that someth. proceeds fr. this pers. (Hs 2:3 is an exception):① marker of extension from the side of, from (the side of) w. local sense preserved, used w. verbs of coming, going, sending, originating, going out, etc. (TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 30 [Stone p. 4] παρὰ τοῦ μεγάλου βασιλέως ἀπεστάλην; Lucian, Demon. 13 ἀπιὼν παρʼ αὐτοῦ) ἐκπορεύεσθαι J 15:26b. ἐξέρχεσθαι 16:27; 17:8; Lk 2:1; 6:19. ἔρχεσθαι 8:49. παραγίνεσθαι Mk 14:43. πέμπειν τινὰ παρά τινος J 15:26a. πνεύματος ἁγίου … παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἀποσταλέντος εἰς αὐτήν (=Μαρίαν) AcPlCor 2:5. εἶναι παρά τινος be from someone (cp. Job 21:2, 9) J 6:46; 7:29; 9:16, 33; 17:7.② marker of one who originates or directs, from (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 100 §420 παρὰ τ. θεῶν; TestJob 38:8 παρὰ θεοῦ) παρὰ κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη this was the Lord’s doing Mt 21:42; Mk 12:11 (both Ps 117:23). W. a double negative: οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει παρὰ τ. θεοῦ πᾶν ῥῆμα (s. ἀδυνατέω) Lk 1:37. τὰ λελαλημένα αὐτῇ παρὰ κυρίου what was said to her (by the angel) at the Lord’s command vs. 45. ἀπεσταλμένος παρὰ θεοῦ John the Baptist was not, like Jesus, sent out fr. the very presence of God, but one whose coming was brought about by God J 1:6 (cp. 2 Macc 11:17). παρʼ ἑαυτῆς φέρει καρπὸν καὶ παρὰ τῆς πτελέας it (i.e. the vine) bears fruit which comes both from itself and from the elm Hs 2:3. On 2 Pt 2:11 s. κρίσις 1bβ.③ marker of the point fr. which an action originates, fromⓐ after verbsα. of asking, demanding αἰτεῖν and αἰτεῖσθαι (cp. X., An. 1, 3, 16, Hell. 3, 1, 4; SIG 785, 9f; PFay 121, 12ff; Tob 4:19 BA al.; LXX; TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 2 [Stone p. 22]; TestJob 20:2; ParJer 7:14; Jos., Ant. 15, 92) Mt 20:20 v.l. (for ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ); J 4:9; Ac 3:2; 9:2; Js 1:5; 1J 5:15 v.l. (for ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ); 1 Cl 36:4 (Ps 2:8); Hm 9:2, 4; Dg 1. ζητεῖν (Tob 4:18; Sir 7:4; cp. 1 Macc 7:13) Mk 8:11; Lk 11:16; 12:48.β. of taking, accepting, receiving λαμβάνειν (class.; Appian, Mithrid. 88 §397; SIG 546 B, 23 [III B.C.]; Jdth 12:15; Sus 55 Theod.; 1 Macc 8:8; 11:34; 4 Macc 12:11; TestJob 11:5; JosAs 24:11; Just., A I, 39, 5 al.) Mk 12:2; Lk 6:34; J 5:34, 41, 44; 10:18; Ac 2:33; 3:5; 17:9; 20:24; 26:10 (Jos., Ant. 14, 167 λαβὼν ἐξουσίαν παρά σου [= τ. ἀρχιερέως]; 11, 169); Js 1:7; 2 Pt 1:17; 2J 4; Rv 2:28; Hs 1:8; 8, 3, 5; GJs 20, 2 codices. ἀπολαμβάνειν (SIG 150, 19f [restored text; IV B.C.]; 4 Macc 18:23) Hv 5:7. παραλαμβάνειν (Hdt. et al.; oft. ins; POxy 504, 14 al. in pap) Gal 1:12; 1 Th 2:13; 4:1; 2 Th 3:6. δέχεσθαι (Thu. 1, 20, 1 et al.; 1 Macc 15:20; TestJob 11:12; cp. διαδέχεσθαι Ath. 37, 1) Ac 22:5; Phil 4:18a. κομίζεσθαι (SIG 244 I, 5ff [IV B.C.]; Gen 38:20; 2 Macc 7:11; Ath. 12, 1) Eph 6:8. εὑρεῖν (SIG 537, 69; 1099, 28; cp. εὑρίσκω 3, end) 2 Ti 1:18. ἔχειν τι παρά τινος have received someth. fr. someone (1 Esdr 6:5) Ac 9:14; cp. Hv 3, 9, 8. γίνεταί μοί τι παρά τινος I receive someth. from someone (Att.) Mt 18:19. ἔσται μεθʼ ἡμῶν χάρις … παρὰ θεοῦ πατρὸς καὶ παρὰ Ἰησοῦ 2J 3 (cp. X., An. 7, 2, 25). οἱ πιστευθέντες παρὰ θεοῦ ἔργον those who were entrusted by God with a task 1 Cl 43:1 (cp. Polyb. 3, 69, 1; SIG 1207, 12f). παρὰ τοῦ κυρίου πλουτίζεσθαι receive one’s wealth fr. the Lord Hs 2:10.—Sim. in the case of a purchase the seller is introduced by παρά: buy fr. someone ἀγοράζειν (s. ἀγοράζω 1, end) Rv 3:18. ὠνεῖσθαι Ac 7:16. ἄρτον φαγεῖν παρά τινος receive support from someone 2 Th 3:8.γ. of learning, coming to know, hearing, asking ἀκούειν (s. ἀκούω 1bβ and 3) J 1:40; 6:45; 7:51; 8:26, 40; 15:15; Ac 10:22; 28:22; 2 Ti 1:13; 2:2; AcPlCor 1:6; ἀκριβοῦν Mt 2:7, 16. ἐξακριβάζεσθαι Hm 4, 2, 3. ἐπιγινώσκειν Ac 24:8. μανθάνειν (since Aeschyl., Ag. 858; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 176; Sir 8:8f; 2 Macc 7:2 v.l.; 3 Macc 1:1; Just., A I, 23, 1 and D. 78, 1 al.; Ath. 7, 2; 22, 8) 2 Ti 3:14. πυνθάνεσθαι (Hdt. 3, 68; X., Cyr. 1, 6, 23; Pla., Rep. 5, 476e; SIG 1169, 30; 2 Ch 32:31) Mt 2:4; J 4:52 (without παρά v.l.); B 13:2 (Gen 25:22).ⓑ w. adjectival function ὁ, ἡ, τὸ παρά τινος made, given, etc., by someoneα. w. a noun (funct. as a gen.: Pla., Symp. 197e ὁ παρά τινος λόγος ‘the expression made by someone’; X., Hell. 3, 1, 6 δῶρον παρὰ βασιλέως, Mem. 2, 2, 12 ἡ παρά τινος εὔνοια, Cyr. 5, 5, 13 τὸ παρʼ ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα ‘the crime committed by me’; Polyb. 3, 69, 3 ἡ παρʼ αὐτοῦ σωτηρία; Polyaenus 3, 9, 28 ἡ παρὰ στρατηγοῦ ἀρετή; SIG 543, 27; Ex 4:20; 14:13; Philo, Plant. 14; Jos., Ant. 12, 400; Just., A I, 32, 8 and D. 92, 1 al.; Ath. 7, 1) ἡ παρʼ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη Ro 11:27 (Is 59:21).—Ac 26:12 v.l.; 22 v.l.β. w. subst. functionא. τὰ παρά τινος what someone gives, someone’s gifts (X., Mem. 3, 11, 13; Jos., Bell. 2, 124, Ant. 8, 175; Tat. 32, 1 τὰ παρὰ θεοῦ) Lk 10:7; Phil 4:18b. τὰ παρʼ αὐτῆς her property, what she had Mk 5:26 (cp. IPriene 111, 177). τὰ παρὰ ζώσης καὶ μενούσης (the help that I received) from a living, contemporary voice Papias (2:4).ב. οἱ παρά τινος someone’s envoys (οἱ παρὰ βασιλέω πρέσβει X., Hell. 1, 3, 9; oft. in ins.: see, e.g., OGI 5, 50 from Ptolemy; the full expression οἱ παρʼ ὑμῶν πρεσβείς OGI 8 VI, 108–9; Schwyzer II 498; B-D-F §237, 2) οἱ παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως (1 Macc 2:15; 1 Esdr 1:15) 1 Cl 12:4.—The Koine also uses this expr. to denote others who are intimately connected w. someone, e.g. family, relatives (PGrenf II, 36, 9 [II B.C.]; POxy 805 [I B.C.]; 298, 37 [I A.D.]; CPR I, 179, 16; 187, 7; Sb 5238, 19 [I A.D.]; Sus 33; 1 Macc 13:52; Jos., Ant. 1, 193. Further exx. fr. pap in Mlt. 106f; Rossberg [s. ἀνά, beg.] 52) Mk 3:21 (s. CBruston/PFarel: RTQR 18, 1909, 82–93; AWabnitz, ibid. 221–25; SMonteil, ibid. 19, 1910, 317–25; JMoulton, Mk 3:21: ET 20, 1909, 476; GHartmann, Mk 3:20f: BZ 11, 1913, 248–79; FZorell, Zu Mk 3:20, 21: ZKT 37, 1913, 695–7; JBelser, Zu Mk 3:20f: TQ 98, 1916, 401–18; Rdm.2 141; 227.—S. also at ἐξίστημι 2a).B. w. dat., the case that exhibits close association① marker of nearness in space, at/by (the side of), beside, near, with, acc. to the standpoint fr. which the relationship is viewedⓐ near, besideα. w. things (Synes., Ep. 126 p. 262a; Kaibel 703, 1; POxy 120, 23; 2 Km 10:8; 11:9; Jos., Ant. 1, 196) εἱστήκεισαν παρὰ τῷ σταυρῷ J 19:25. κεῖσθαι παρὰ τῷ πύργῳ Hv 3, 5, 5.ⓑ in (someone’s) house, city, company, etc. (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 5 al. παρὰ Λάβαν)α. house: ἀριστᾶν Lk 11:37. καταλύειν 19:7 (Pla., Gorg. 447b; Demosth. 18, 82). μένειν (JosAs 20:8; Jos., Ant. 1, 298; 299) J 1:39; Ac 9:43; 18:3; 21:8. ξενίζεσθαι 10:6; 21:16 (ξενίζω 1). So prob. also ἕκαστος παρʼ ἑαυτῷ each one at home 1 Cor 16:2 (cp. Philo, Cher. 48 παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς, Leg. ad Gai. 271). ὸ̔ν ἀπέλιπον ἐν Τρῳάδι παρὰ Κάρπῳ 2 Ti 4:13.β. city: Rv 2:13. So prob. also ἦσαν παρʼ ἡμῖν ἑπτὰ ἀδελφοί Mt 22:25.—J 4:40; Col 4:16 (where the congregation at Laodicea is contrasted w. the one at Col.).γ. other uses: παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις among Judeans Mt 28:15. παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπιμεῖναι remain with them Ac 28:14; cp. 21:7. οἱ παρʼ ὑμῖν πρεσβύτεροι the elders among you 1 Cl 1:3.—παρὰ τῷ πατρί with (of spatial proximity) the Father Mt 6:1; J 8:38a; cp. 17:5 (Synes., Kingship 29 p. 31d: philosophy has her abode παρὰ τῷ θεῷ and if the world refuses to receive her when she descends to earth, μένει παρὰ τῷ πατρί). Of Jesus: παρʼ ὑμῖν μένων while I was with you (on earth) J 14:25. Of the Spirit: παρʼ ὑμῖν μένει vs. 17. Of the Father and Son in their relation to the faithful Christian: μονὴν παρʼ αὐτῷ ποιησόμεθα we will take up our abode with him vs. 23.δ. fig. παρά τινι before someone’s judgment seat (Demosth. 18, 13 εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι παρά τινι; Appian, Maced. 11 §8 παρʼ ὑμῖν ἐς κρίσιν) 2 Pt 2:11 v.l. Closely related is② marker of one whose viewpoint is relevant, in the sight or judgment of someone (Soph., Hdt.; PSI 435, 19 [258 B.C.] παρὰ τῷ βασιλεῖ) παρὰ τῷ θεῷ: δίκαιος παρὰ τῷ θεῷ righteous in the sight of God Ro 2:13 (cp. Job 9:2; Jos., Ant. 6, 205; Ath. 31, 2 εὐδοξοῦμεν … παρὰ τῷ θεῷ).—Cp. 1 Cor 3:19; Gal 3:11; 2 Th 1:6; Js 1:27; 1 Pt 2:4; 2 Pt 3:8. θυσία δεκτὴ παρὰ τῷ θεῷ Hs 5, 3, 8. ἔνδοξος παρὰ τῷ θεῷ m 2:6; Hs 5, 3, 3; 8, 10, 1; 9, 27, 3; 9, 28, 3; 9, 29, 3.—9, 7, 6.—Acc. to the judgment of humans (Jos., Ant. 7, 84; Just., A I, 20, 3) 8, 9, 1. τί ἄπιστον κρίνεται παρʼ ὑμῖν; Ac 26:8. ἵνα μὴ ἦτε παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς φρόνιμοι Ro 11:25; cp. 12:16 (s. Pr 3:7 μὴ ἴσθι φρόνιμος παρὰ σεαυτῷ).—‘In the judgment’ passes over into a simpler with (PsSol 9:5 παρὰ κυρίῳ; Jos. Himerius, Or. 8 [=23], 10 παρὰ θεοῖς=with the gods) εὑρεῖν χάριν παρά τινι find favor with someone (Ex 33:16; cp. Num 11:15) Lk 1:30; Hs 5, 2, 10. τοῦτο χάρις παρὰ θεῷ 1 Pt 2:20. χάριν ἔχειν (Ex 33:12) m 5, 1, 5. προέκοπτεν ἐν τῇ χάριτι παρὰ θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις Lk 2:52. τί ταπεινοφροσύνη παρὰ θεῷ ἰσχύει, τί ἀγάπη ἁγνὴ παρά θεῷ δύναται how strong humility is before God, what pure love before God can do 1 Cl 21:8.③ marker of personal reference, at the side of, with almost equivalent to the dat. as such (Ps 75:13): δυνατόν or ἀδύνατον παρά τινι possible or impossible for someone (Gen 18:14; Just., A I, 33, 2; Ath., R. 9 p. 58, 6) Mt 19:26ab; Mk 10:27abc; Lk 1:37 v.l.; 18:27ab; 1 Cl 27:2.—AFridrichsen, SymbOsl 14, ’35, 44–46. Closely related in mng. is④ marker of connection of a quality or characteristic w. a pers., with (οὐκ) ἔστιν τι παρά τινι someth. is (not) with or in someone, someone has someth. (nothing) to do w. someth. (Demosth. 18, 277 εἰ ἔστι καὶ παρʼ ἐμοί τις ἐμπειρία; Gen 24:25; Job 12:13; Ps 129:4 παρὰ σοι ὁ ἱλασμός ἐστιν; Just., D. 82, 1 παρὰ … ἡμῖν … χαρίσματα) οὐκ ἔστιν προσωπολημψία παρὰ τ. θεῷ Ro 2:11 (TestJob 43, 13). Cp. 9:14; Eph 6:9; Js 1:17. Sim. Mt 8:10; 2 Cor 1:17.⑤ marker of a relationship w. a narrow focus, among, before παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς among themselves (Philo, Cher. 48) διαλογίζεσθαι Mt 21:25 v.l. (cp. Demosth. 10, 17 γιγνώσκειν παρʼ αὑτῷ; Epict., Ench. 48, 2).—In ἐν τούτῳ μενέτω παρὰ θεῷ 1 Cor 7:24, the mng. of παρὰ θεῷ is not certain: let the pers. remain in that position (the same one in which he was when called to salvation) before God; it is prob. meant to remind Christians of the One before whom they cannot even have the appearance of inferiority (ins: Mitt-Wilck, I/2, 4, 4 [13 B.C.] παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ Ἑρμῇ=‘before, in the sight of’; Sb 7616 [II A.D.] τὸ προσκύνημά σου ποιῶ παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ Σαράπι=‘before the Lord’ S.; 7661, 3 [c. 100 A.D.]; 7932, 7992, 6 [letter II/III A.D.]). Or perh. it simply means that no matter what the situation may be, one is to be focused on God.C. w. acc. of pers. or thing① marker of a position viewed as extended (w. no difference whether παρά answers the question ‘where?’ or ‘whither?’ See B-D-F §236, 1; Rob. 615).ⓐ by, along περιπατεῖν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν (Pla., Gorg. 511e. Cp. SIG 1182; Jos., Ant. 2, 81) Mt 4:18; cp. Mk 1:16.α. παρὰ (τὴν) θάλασσαν by the sea (or lake) , at the shore Mt 13:1; Mk 4:1; 5:21; Ac 10:6, 32; cp. Lk 5:1, 2. παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν by the side of the road (X., An. 1, 2, 13; Plut., Lysander 450 [29, 4] a tomb παρὰ τ. ὁδόν=beside the road) Mt 20:30; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35 (but on the road is also poss. in these three places; s. d below).β. παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν to (the side of) the sea (lake) Mt 15:29; Mk 2:13. παρὰ ποταμόν to the river Ac 16:13.ⓒ gener. near, at παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τινός at someone’s feet (sit, fall, place etc.; TestAbr A 17 p. 98, 16 [Stone p. 44]) Mt 15:30; Lk 7:38; 8:35, 41; 10:39 v.l.; 17:16; Ac 4:35, 37 v.l.; 5:2; 7:58; 22:3 (s. ET 30, 1919, 39f). παρὰ τὸν πὺργον beside the tower Hs 9, 4, 8; 9, 6, 5; 8; 9, 7, 1; 9, 11, 6.—παρὰ τὴν ἰτέαν 8, 1, 2 (cp. TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 10 [Stone p. 14] παρὰ τὴν δρῦν τὴν Μαμβρῆ).ⓓ on παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν on the road (w. motion implied; Aesop, Fab. 226 P.=420 H.: πεσὼν παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν; Phot., Bibl. 94 p. 74b on Iambl. Erot. [Hercher I p. 222, 22] πίπτουσι παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν) Mt 13:4, 19; Mk 4:4; Lk 8:5; on the road (w. no motion implied; Theophr., HP 6, 6, 10: the crocus likes to be trodden under foot, διὸ καὶ παρὰ τὰς ὁδοὺς κάλλιστος; Phot. p. 222, 29 H. [s. above]) Mk 4:15; Lk 8:12. Perh. also Mt 20:30; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35 (s. bα above).—παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης on the seashore Hb 11:12 (TestAbr A 1 p. 78, 1 [Stone p. 4]; ApcEsdr 3:10; ApcSed 8:9).② marker of extension in time, during, from … to (Lucian, Catapl. 24 παρὰ τ. βίον=during his life; POxy 472, 10; TestAbr A 20 p. 102, 26 [Stone p. 52] παρὰ μίαν ὥραν; Tat. 14, 2 παρʼ ὸ̔ν ἔζων χρόνον) παρʼ ἐνιαυτόν from year to year (Plut., Cleom. 15, 1; cp. ἐνιαυτός 1) B 10:7.③ marker of comparative advantage, in comparison to, more than, beyond ἁμαρτωλοί, ὀφειλέται π. πάντας Lk 13:2, 4 (PSI 317, 6 [95 A.D.] παρὰ πάντας; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 234 παρὰ τ. ἄλλους ἅπαντας; JosAs 10:6 παρὰ πάσας τὰς παρθένους; Just., A I, 20, 3 παρὰ πάντας ἀδίκως μισούμεθα). κρίνειν ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν (s. κρίνω 1) Ro 14:5. π. πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν B 11:9 (prophetic quot. of unknown orig.). π. πάντα τὰ πνεύματα more than all other spirits Hm 10, 1, 2. ἐλαττοῦν τινα π. τινα make someone inferior to someone Hb 2:7, 9 (s. ἐλαττόω 1 and cp. PGrenf I, 42, 12 [II B.C.] ἐλαττουμένων ἡμῶν παρὰ τοὺς δεῖνα). εἶδος ἐκλεῖπον π. τὸ εἶδος τῶν ἀνθρώπων (s. ἐκλείπω 4) 1 Cl 16:3.—After a comp. (Thu. 1, 23, 3; ApcEsdr 1:22; Tat. 2, 2) Lk 3:13; Hb 1:4; 3:3; 9:23; 11:4; 12:24; B 4:5 (cp. Da 7:7); Hv 3, 12, 1; Hs 9, 18, 2.—When a comparison is made, one member of it may receive so little attention as to pass fr. consideration entirely, so that ‘more than’ becomes instead of, rather than, to the exclusion of (Plut., Mor. 984c; PsSol 9:9; EpArist 134; Just., A I, 22, 2) λατρεύειν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα serve the creation rather than the Creator Ro 1:25 (cp. EpArist 139: the Jews worship τὸν μόνον θεὸν παρʼ ὅλην τὴν κτίσιν). δεδικαιωμένος παρʼ ἐκεῖνον justified rather than the other Lk 18:14. ἔχρισέν σε … παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους (God) has anointed you and not your comrades Hb 1:9 (Ps 44:8). ὑπερφρονεῖν παρʼ ὸ̔ δεῖ φρονεῖν Ro 12:3 (Plut., Mor. 83f παρʼ ὸ̔ δεῖ). παρὰ καιρὸν ἡλικίας Hb 11:11 (Plut., Rom. 25, 6 παρʼ ἡλικίαν; cp. ἡλικία 2a).—παρὰ δύναμιν beyond their means (s. δύναμις 2) 2 Cor 8:3.—After ἄλλος (Pla., Lach. 178b, Leg. 3, 693b; X., Hell. 1, 5, 5; Demosth. 18, 235) another than 1 Cor 3:11.④ marker of degree that falls slightly short in comparison, except for, almost παρὰ μικρόν except for a little, almost (s. μικρός 1eγ) Hs 8, 1, 14. Likew. παρά τι (cp. Vett. Val. 228, 6) Lk 5:7 D; Hs 9, 19, 3.⑤ marker of causality, because of (cp. Pind., O. 2, 65 κενεὰν παρὰ δίαιταν ‘in the interest of’ or ‘for the sake of a scanty livelihood’, the scantiness here contrasting with the immense labor involved; Demosth. 4, 11; 9, 2; PRyl 243, 6; POxy 1420, 7) παρὰ τό w. acc. foll. because (SIG 495, 130; UPZ 7, 13 [163 B.C.] παρὰ τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι.—Mayser II/1, 1926, 331; Gen 29:20; Ex 14:11) 1 Cl 39:5f (Job 4:20f). π. τοῦτο because of this (Kühner-G. I 513, 3; Synes., Ep. 44 p. 185a; 57 p. 192d) ITr 5:2; IRo 5:1 (quot. fr. 1 Cor 4:4, where Paul has ἐν τούτῳ). οὐ παρὰ τοῦτο οὐ (double neg. as a strengthened affirmative) not for that reason any the less 1 Cor 12:15f.⑥ marker of that which does not correspond to what is expected, against, contrary to (Hom., Alc. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Just., Tat., Ath.—Schwyzer II 497) π. τὴν διδαχήν Ro 16:17. παρʼ ἐλπίδα against hope (s. ἐλπίς 1a) in wordplay w. ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι 4:18. παρὰ φύσιν (Thu. 6, 17, 1; Pla., Rep. 5, 466d; Tat. 22, 2; Ath. 26, 2, R. 6 p. 54, 13) 1:26; 11:24. παρὰ τὸν νόμον (Just., A II, 2, 4; Ath. 1, 3; cp. X., Mem. 1, 1, 18 παρὰ τοὺς νόμους; PMagd 16, 5 [222 B.C.] παρὰ τοὺς νόμους; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 233; Just., A I, 68, 10) Ac 18:13. παρʼ ὅ contrary to that which Gal 1:8f (Just., A I, 43, 8).⑦ marker of something that is less, less (Hdt. 9, 33; Plut., Caesar 722 [30, 5]; Jos., Ant. 4, 176; POxy 264, 4 [I A.D.]) τεσσεράκοντα παρὰ μίαν forty less one=thirty-nine (i.e. lashes) 2 Cor 11:24 (cp. Makkoth 3, 10 [tr. HDanby, The Mishnah ’33, 407]).—On παρʼ αὐτά ITr 11:1 s. παραυτά.—DELG. M-M. TW. -
3 περί
περί (Hom.+) prep. w. gen. and acc., in our lit. not w. dat. (B-D-F §203; Rob. 617; see the lit. s.v. ἀνά, beg.) lit. ‘round about’① w. the gen. to denote the object or pers. to which (whom) an activity or esp. inward process refers or relates, about, concerningⓐ after verbs that denote an oral or written expression or its reception, a mental action, knowing, thinking, recognizing, etc., about, concerning; s. the entries ἀκούω 1c and 3c, ἀναγγέλλω 2 end, ἀπαγγέλλω 1, ἀπολογέομαι, γνωρίζω 1, γογγύζω, γράφω 2c, δηλόω, διαβεβαιόομαι, διαλέγομαι 1, διδάσκω 2d, διηγέομαι, εἶπον 1a, ἐντέλλω, ἐπιστέλλω, κατηχέω, λαλέω 2aγ, λέγω 1bδ; λόγον αἰτεῖν, ἀποδιδόναι, διδόναι, ποιεῖσθαι (s. λόγος 2a); μαρτυρέω 1b, μνημονεύω 1c, ὁμιλέω, πυνθάνομαι, προκαταγγέλλω, προφητεύω, ὑπομιμνῄσκω, χρηματίζομαι; ἀγνοέω 1a, ἀπορέω, ἐπινοέω, ἐπίσταμαι 2, οἶδα 1h, πέπεισμαι (s. πείθω 4), πιστεύω 1aβ. Also used w. the substantives belonging to these verbs or verbs w. similar mngs.: ἀπολογία 2a, γογγυσμός; διήγησις, εὐαγγέλιον, ἦχος 2, πρόφασις, φήμη; s. these entries. γινώσκω J 7:17. συμφωνέω Mt 18:19. τί ὑμῖν δοκεῖ περὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ; what do you think of the Christ? 22:42.ⓑ after verbs that express considering, asking, examining, charging, judging, censuring, punishing, praising, etc., on account of, because of, for, concerning. S. the entries ἀποστοματίζω, ἀπορέω, διαπορέω, ἐγκαλέω, εἶδον (3: deliberate concerning), ἐκζητέω 1, ἐλέγχω 2 and 3, ἐξετάζω 1 and 2b, ἐπερωτάω 1a, ἐπιζητέω 1b, ἐρωτάω 1, ζητέω 2, κατηγορέω, παραμυθέομαι.—διαλογίζομαι Lk 3:15. κρίνω J 8:26. λιθάζω 10:33. θεὸν αἰνέω Lk 19:37. περὶ οὗ … οἱ κατήγοροι οὐδεμίαν αἰτίαν ἔφερον his accusers brought no charge of this kind Ac 25:18 (BWeiss, Preuschen take περὶ οὗ w. σταθέντες, which immediately follows it, and understand it to mean ‘around him’, ‘near him’ [περί τινος in this sense IG XIV, 2508, 4]).—S. also the entry ζήτημα.ⓒ after verbs that denote emotion. S. the entries ἀγανακτέω, θαυμάζω 1aβ, καυχάομαι, σπλαγχνίζομαι.ⓓ after verbs of caring (for). S. the entries μέλει 1b, μεριμνάω, προβλέπω.ⓔ after other verbs and expressions, mostly with regard to, with reference to, in relation to, w. respect to εὐλογεῖν Hb 11:20. ἀναβαίνειν περὶ τοῦ ζητήματος go up about the question Ac 15:2. ἐντολὰς λαμβάνειν Col 4:10. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν 1 Cor 7:37 (s. ἐξουσία 1). περὶ πάντων εὐοδοῦσθαι be well off in all respects 3J 2 (περὶ π.=‘in all resp.’: Pla., Gorg. 23, 467d.—Others take it as ‘above all’; cp. Il. 1, 287; 21, 566).ⓕ w. certain verbs and nouns such as ‘ask’, ‘pray’, ‘prayer’, etc., περί introduces the pers. or thing in whose interest the petition is made. Thus it takes the place of ὑπέρ (B-D-F §229, 1; Rob. 618; WSchulze, Zeitschr. für vergl. Sprachforschung 44, 1911, 359: Callim., Epigr. 55, 3.—SIG 1170, 30 περὶ τούτου παρεκάλεσα τὸν θεόν; POxy 1298, 4; 1494, 6; JosAs 28:5 ἐξιλάσομαι αὐτοὺς περὶ ὑμῶν; EpArist 273) for. S. the entries δέομαι b, δέησις, ἐρωτάω 2, παρακαλέω 3. προσεύχεσθαι (Gen 20:7; 1 Km 7:5; 2 Macc 1:6; 15:14) Lk 6:28; Col 1:3 (v.l. ὑπέρ); 4:3; 1 Th 5:25; 2 Th 1:11; 3:1; Hb 13:18. προσευχὴ γίνεται Ac 12:5. Παῦλος ἐσταυρώθη περὶ ὑμῶν; 1 Cor 1:13 v.l. (for ὑπέρ). τὸ αἷμα τὸ περὶ πολλῶν ἐκχυννόμενον Mt 26:28 (cp. Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 730, 29 p. 415, 29 Jac. περὶ τῶν διαδόχων αὐτοῦ ἅπαν … παθεῖν). ἀγῶνα ἔχω περὶ ὑμῶν Col 2:1 v.l. (for ὑπέρ).ⓖ when used w. ἁμαρτία the word ‘for’ has the sense to take away, to atone for περὶ ἁμαρτίας (Num 8:8) Ro 8:3 (difft. TThornton, JTS 22, ’71, 515–17). Ἰ. Χρ. τοῦ δόντος ἑαυτὸν περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν Gal 1:4 v.l. (for ὑπέρ; CBreytenbach, Versöhnung ’89, 197). περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἔπαθεν 1 Pt 3:18 (v.l. ἀπέθανεν). Cp. Hb 5:3c. προσφορὰ περὶ ἁμαρτίας 10:18. θυσία περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν vs. 26. εἰσφέρεται τὸ αἷμα περὶ ἁμαρτίας 13:11. τὸ περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας (i.e. προσφερόμενον) the sin-offering (Lev 6:23; 14:19) Hb 10:6, 8 (both Ps 39:7).ⓗ περί τινος abs. at the beginning of a sentence concerning, with reference to (GrBar 8:6; Just., A I, 15, 1 al.; SIG 736, 1; PEleph 13, 4f; BGU 246, 13; 17; 1097, 5 [c. 50 A.D.]; 1095, 9 [57 A.D.]) περὶ ὧν (=περὶ τούτων ἃ) ἐγράψατε concerning the things you wrote (to me) 1 Cor 7:1 (s. γράφω 2c). Cp. 8:1; 16:1, 12. In other, seemingly similar, places it is to be connected w. the verb that follows: Mt 22:31; 24:36; Mk 12:26; 13:32; 1 Cor 7:25; 8:4; 12:1; 2 Cor 9:1; 1 Th 4:9; 5:1. (Cp. the formulation of answers by Claudius in PLond 1912; on Paul’s rhetorical use, cp. Demosth. 7, 1; 14; 18; 30; 39; MMitchell NovT 31, ’89, 229–56.)ⓘ w. the art. τὰ περί τινος what concerns someone or someth., his or its circumstances, situation, condition (X., An. 2, 5, 37 ὅπως μάθοι τὰ περὶ Προξένου; Sir 19:30; TestJob 41:3; JosAs 19:2; GrBar 4:12; Just., A I, 33, 5; Tat. 36, 2) τὰ περὶ (τοῦ) Ἰησοῦ the reports about Jesus, concerning his miracles Mk 5:27; of Jesus’ passion experiences Lk 24:19; of the preaching about Jesus Ac 18:25; cp. 28:31. τὰ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ (αὐτοῦ, ἐμοῦ, ἐμαυτοῦ, ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν) Lk 24:27; Ac 23:11, 15; 24:10; 28:15; Eph 6:22; Phil 1:27; 2:19f; Col 4:8.—τὰ περὶ τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ θεοῦ the things concerning the Kgdm. of God Ac 1:3; 19:8 (v.l. without the art.). τὰ περὶ τῆς ὁδοῦ 24:22 (ὁδός 3c).② w. the acc., gener. in ref. to position rather than mental or emotional considerations as in the use of the gen., aboutⓐ of place around, about, near (TestJob 40:6 περί τινα φάτνην; 12 περὶ τὴν οἰκίαν; Ath. 25, 1 ἄγγελοι … περὶ τὸν ἀέρα ἔχοντες καὶ τὴν γῆν)α. (all) around ἕως ὅτου σκάψω περὶ αὐτήν until I dig (all) around it Lk 13:8. περιαστράψαι φῶς περὶ ἐμέ Ac 22:6b. αἱ παρθένοι ἑστηκυῖαι περὶ τὴν πύλην who stood about the door Hs 9, 3, 2.β. of a part of the body around which someth. goes (Heraclid. Pont. Fgm. 55 W. περὶ τὸ μέτωπον; PsSol 2:20 περὶ τὴν κεφαλήν; TestJob 46:9 περὶ τὸ στῆθος; JosAs 3:9 περὶ τὰς χεῖρας): a belt περὶ τὴν ὀσφύν around the waist Mt 3:4; Mk 1:6 (JosAs 14:16); cp. Rv 15:6. A millstone περίκειται περὶ τὸν τράχηλον Mk 9:42; Lk 17:2 (JosAs 18:5); cp. Mt 18:6.γ. of nearby places: αἱ περὶ αὐτὰς πόλεις the towns near them (Sodom and Gomorrah) Jd 7. τὰ περὶ τὸν τόπον the region around the place Ac 28:7 (Diod S 1, 50, 6 τὰ π. τὴν Μέμφιν; Strabo 12, 7, 3). Without the art. περὶ Τύρον καὶ Σιδῶνα the neighborhood of T. and S. Mk 3:8.δ. of persons who are standing, sitting, working or staying close to someone ὄχλον περὶ αὐτόν Mt 8:18; cp. Mk 9:14. τοὺς περὶ αὐτὸν κύκλῳ καθημένους Mk 3:34; cp. vs. 32. οἱ περὶ αὐτόν those about him, his followers Mk 4:10; Lk 22:49. The central person in the group can be included: οἱ περὶ Παῦλον Paul and his companions Ac 13:13; 21:8 v.l. οἱ περὶ τὸν Πέτρον Peter and those with him short ending of Mark; GHb 356, 38f= ISm 3:2; cp. GHb 22, 39 (Pla., Thu., X.; Diod S 11, 40, 3; 11, 61, 3 οἱ περὶ τὸν Κίμωνα=Cimon and his men; ins, pap; 2 Macc 1:33; 8:30; 4 Macc 2:19; JosAs 26:5; Jos., Bell. 5, 10, Ant. 18, 354 al.; Tat. 36, 1 al.; B-D-F §228; Rob. 620). οἱ περὶ τὸν κεντυρίωνα the centurion and his men GPt 11:45. πρὸς τὰς περὶ Μάρθαν καὶ Μαριάμ J 11:19 v.l. prob. means only the two sisters to Martha and Mary (cp. Phalaris, Ep. 136; Polyb. 4, 36, 6; 21, 11, 2; Diod S 1, 16, 1; 1, 37, 3; 16, 85, 2 οἱ περὶ Χάρητα καὶ Λυσικλέα=Chares and Lysicles [are made generals]; Plut., Tib. Gracch. 825 [2, 3] οἱ περὶ Δροῦσον = Δροῦσος, Pyrrh. 395 [20, 1] οἱ περὶ Γάϊον Φαβρίκιον = Γάϊος Φαβρίκιος; Diog. L. 2, 43 οἱ περὶ Αἰσχύλον=Aeschylus; 2, 105; EpArist 51; Philo, Vi. Cont. 15; Jos., Ant. 13, 187; 15, 370, C. Ap. 1, 17). οἱ π. τὸν Παῦλον Ac 27:1a v.l.=Παῦλος vs. 1b.ⓑ of time about, near (Hdt., Thu., X. et al.; PGen 17, 10; PGiss 70, 7; Gen 15:12; Ex 11:4) περὶ τρίτην ὥραν (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 45 §182; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 11 [Stone p. 12] and B 6 p. 109, 27 [Stone p. 66]; Jos., Vi. 239; cp. 243; PSI 184, 5 χθὲς περὶ ἕκτην ὥραν) about the third hour Mt 20:3. Likew. w. the hour given vs. 5f, 9; 27:46; Ac 10:3 (ὡσεὶ περὶ ὥραν ἐνάτην; ApcMos 17 περὶ ὥραν, ὅταν), 9; cp. Mk 6:48; Ac 22:6a.ⓒ of being occupied with (Just., D. 2, 5 χρόνον ἐκτρίβειν περὶ ἐκεῖνα τὰ μαθματα; 8, 3 τῆς περὶ τὸ θεῖον ὁρμῆς; Tat. 27, 3; Ath. 17, 3) περισπᾶσθαι (q.v. 2), θορυβάζεσθαι περί τι Lk 10:40f. οἱ π. τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐργάται the workers who were occupied with such things (s. ἐργάτης 1a) Ac 19:25.ⓓ with regard or respect to (Diod S 2, 18, 2 ἡ περὶ αὐτὴν ἀρετή=her valor; Lucian, Vit. Auct. 17 οἱ περὶ μοιχείαν νόμοι; ApcEsdr 1:6 δικάσασθαι … περὶ τὸ γένος τῶν χριστιανῶν; Jos., Ant. 5, 259; Mel., HE 4, 26, 13 σου τὸ σπουδαῖον περὶ τὴν πίστιν) ἀστοχεῖν 1 Ti 6:21; 2 Ti 2:18. ναυαγεῖν 1 Ti 1:19. νοσεῖν have a morbid craving for someth. (s. νοσέω) 6:4. περὶ πάντα in all respects Tit 2:7.—Pol 4:3; παράδοξον περὶ Ἰοῦστον … γέγονος a miracle that took place involving Justus Papias (2:9). On 2 Cl 17:2 s. ἀνάγω 5.—τὰ περὶ ἐμέ my situation, how I am getting along (Menand., Sam. 623 S. [Kö. 278]; UPZ 68, 6 [152 B.C.] τὰ περὶ Ἀπολλώνιον; Just., A I, 54, 2 τὰ περὶ τὸν Χριστόν; Tat. 8, 4 τὰ περὶ σέ; Jos., Ant. 2, 60) Phil 2:23. αἱ π. τὰ λοιπὰ ἐπιθυμίαι desires for other things Mk 4:19.—DELG. M-M. TW. -
4 ὅτι
ὅτι (Hom.+) conjunction (B-D-F §396f; 408; 416; 470, 1 al.; Rob. 1032–36, al. [s. index]; HPernot, Études sur la langue des Évang. 1927, 41ff) originally the neuter of ὅστις.① marker of narrative or discourse content, direct or indirect, that. Used after verbs that denote mental or sense perception, or the transmission of such perception, or an act of the mind, to indicate the content of what is said, etc.ⓐ after verbs of saying, indicating, etc.: ἀπαγγέλλω, ἀποκρίνομαι, δείκνυμι, δῆλόν (ἐστιν), διδάσκω, εἶπον, ἐμφανίζω, λέγω, μαρτυρέω, ὁμολογέω, φημί etc.; s. the entries in question. Likew. after verbs of swearing, affirming and corresponding formulae: μαρτύρομαι Ac 20:26; Gal 5:3. μάρτυρα τὸν θεὸν ἐπικαλοῦμαι 2 Cor 1:23. ὀμνύω Rv 10:6. Cp. the sim. exprs. πιστὸς ὁ θεός 2 Cor 1:18. ἰδοὺ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ Gal 1:20.—2 Cor 11:10. Cp. also φάσις … ὅτι Ac 21:31. αἱ γραφαὶ ὅτι the Scriptures (which state) that Mt 26:54.—On 1J 2:12–14 s. BNoack, NTS 6, ’60, 236–41.ⓑ after verbs that denote sense perception ἀκούω, θεάομαι, θεωρέω (q.v. 1); s. these entries.ⓒ after verbs that denote mental perception ἀγνοέω, ἀναγινώσκω, βλέπω (perceive), γινώσκω, γνωστόν ἐστιν, ἐπιγινώσκω, ἐπίσταμαι, θεωρέω (q.v. 2a), καταλαμβάνω, μιμνῄσκομαι, μνημονεύω, νοέω, οἶδα, ὁράω (q.v. A4a), συνίημι, ὑπομιμνῄσκω; s. these entries. In Gal 1:11 ὅτι comes later in the sentence so as to permit the emphatic portion of the subordinate clause to come to the forefront.ⓓ after verbs of thinking, judging, believing, hoping: δοκέω (q.v. 1d), ἐλπίζω (q.v. 2), κρίνω, λογίζομαι, νομίζω (q.v. 2), οἶμαι, πέπεισμαι, πέποιθα, πιστεύω (q.v. 1aβ), ὑπολαμβάνω; s. these entries. εἶχον τὸν Ἰωάννην ὅτι προφήτης ἦν they held that John was a prophet Mk 11:32 (s. B-D-F §330; 397, 2; Rob. 1029; 1034).ⓔ after verbs that denote an emotion and its expression ἀγανακτέω, ἐξομολογέομαι, ἐπαινέω, εὐχαριστέω, θαυμάζω, μέλει μοι, συγχαίρω, χαίρω, χάριν ἔχω τινί; s. these entries.ⓕ Very oft. the subj. of the ὅτι-clause is drawn into the main clause, and becomes the object of the latter: ἐπεγίνωσκον αὐτοὺς ὅτι (=ὅτι αὐτοὶ) σὺν τῷ Ἰησοῦ ἦσαν Ac 4:13. οἴδατε τὴν οἰκίαν Στεφανᾶ ὅτι (=ὅτι ἡ οἰκία Σ.) ἐστὶν ἀπαρχή 1 Cor 16:15. Cp. Mt 25:24; Mk 12:34; J 8:54; 9:8; Ac 3:10; 1 Cor 3:20 (Ps 93:11); 1 Th 2:1; Rv 17:8. Somet. the subj. is repeated by a demonstrative pron. in the ὅτι-clause: ἐκήρυσσεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 9:20.—Pass. εἰ Χριστὸς κηρύσσεται ὅτι ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγήγερται (=εἰ κηρύσσεται ὅτι Χρ. ἐκ νεκ. ἐγ.) 1 Cor 15:12.② marker of explanatory clauses, thatⓐ as a substitute for the epexegetical inf. (acc. w. inf.) after a preceding demonstrative (B-D-F §394; cp. Rob. 1034) αὕτη δέ ἐστιν ἡ κρίσις, ὅτι τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν the judgment consists in this, that the light has come J 3:19. ἔστιν αὕτη ἡ ἀγγελία …, ὅτι ὁ θεὸς φῶς ἐστιν 1J 1:5. Cp. 3:16; 4:9, 10. ἐν τούτῳ …, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ δέδωκεν ἡμῖν vs. 13; 5:11. περὶ τούτου … ὅτι about this …, that J 16:19. In ἔχω κατὰ σοῦ ὅτι … Rv 2:4, ὅτι is epexegetical to a τοῦτο that remains unexpressed. Cp. vs. 6. Of the same order is the useⓑ in ellipses τί ὅτι; what (is it) that? why? Lk 2:49; Ac 5:4, 9; Mk 2:16 v.l. (JosAs 16:5).—οὐχ ὅτι (=οὐ λέγω ὅτι) not that, not as if J 6:46; 7:22; 2 Cor 1:24; 3:5; Phil 3:12; 4:11; 2Th 3:9 (so μὴ ὅτι PLond I 42, 43 p. 30 [II B.C.]). ἐπεὶ οὐχ ὅτι since it is not the case that IMg 3:2.—οὐχ οἷον ὅτι Ro 9:6 (s. οἷος).—ὅτι alone is used for εἰς ἐκεῖνο ὅτι with regard to the fact that, in consideration of the fact that (Gen 40:15; Ruth 2:13) ποταπός ἐστιν οὗτος ὅτι; what sort of person is this, (in consideration of the fact) that? Mt 8:27 (but it is prob. that in this and sim. passages the causal force of ὅτι [s. 4 below] comes to the fore). τίς ὁ λόγος οὗτος ὅτι; Lk 4:36. Cp. 16:3; Mk 4:41; J 2:18; 8:22; 9:17; 11:47; 16:9–11.—ὅτι = ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι in that Ro 5:8. ὅτι = περὶ τούτου ὅτι concerning this, that Mt 16:8; Mk 8:17.—On ὅτι=why? (cp. Jos. Ant. 12, 213) Mk 9:11, 28 s. ὅστις 4b.③ marker introducing direct discourse. In this case it is not to be rendered into English, but to be represented by quotation marks (ὅτι recitativum.—B-D-F §397, 5; 470, 1; EKieckers, IndogF 35, 1915, 21ff; Rob. 1027f. As early as Pla. [Apol. 23, 34 d.—Kühner-G. II, 366f]; Epict. 1, 9, 16; Arrian, Alex. An. 2, 12, 4; 2, 26, 4; 4, 8, 9; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 1, 38 p. 40; POxy 744, 11 [1 B.C.]; 119, 10; 1064, 5; LXX; TestAbr A 8 p. 85, 10 [Stone p. 18]; TestJob 6:7; 35:1; 36:3; ParJer 1:6; 2:7; ApcEsdr; AscIs 3:9; Jos. Ant. 11, 5; 18, 326, Vi. 55) ὑμεῖς λέγετε ὅτι ‘βλασφημεῖς’ ὅτι εἶπον J 10:36. ὁμολογήσω αὐτοῖς ὅτι ‘οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς’ Mt 7:23. So after var. verbs of saying as direct discourse: Mt 26:72–75; 27:43; Mk 1:37; 2:16; 5:28; 12:29; 13:6 (JSundwall, Om bruket av ὅτι recit. i Mk: Eranos 31, ’33, 73–81; MZerwick, Untersuchgen z. Mk-Stil ’37, 39–48); Lk 1:25, 61 (PWinter, HTR 48, ’55, 213–16); 4:41a; 5:26; 15:27a; J 1:20, 32; 4:17; 6:42; 16:17; Ac 5:23; 15:1; Ro 3:8 (B-D-F §470, 1; Rob. 1033; AFridrichsen, ZNW 34, ’35, 306–8); 2 Th 3:10; 1J 4:20 al. Scripture quotations are also introduced in this way (Appian, Bell. Civ. 62 §260 a saying of Caesar in direct discourse is introduced by ὅτι): Μωϋσῆς ἔγραψεν ἡμῖν ὅτι ‘ἐάν τινος κτλ.’ Mk 12:19.—Mt 2:23; 21:16; Lk 2:23; J 10:34; Ro 8:36; 1 Cor 14:21; Hb 11:18.—On ὅτι foll. by the acc. and inf. in direct discourse Lk 4:43 s. 5a below.ⓐ subordinating, because, since ὅτι ἑώρακάς με, πεπίστευκας J 20:29.—Mt 2:18 (Jer 38:15); 5:3ff; 13:16; Mk 1:34; 5:9; Lk 4:41b; 6:20ff; 8:30; 10:13; 11:42ff; 13:2b; 15:27b; perh. 18:9 (TManson, The Sayings of Jesus ’54, 309); 19:17; J 1:30, 50a; 2:25; 3:18; 5:27; 9:16, 22; Ro 6:15; 1 Cor 12:15f. On 1J 2:12–14 s. BNoack, NTS 6, ’60, 236–41 (opposes causal mng.).—Used w. demonstr. and interrog. pronouns διὰ τοῦτο … ὅτι for this reason …, (namely) that J 8:47; 10:17; 12:39; 1J 3:1 al. διὰ τί; ὅτι … why? because … Ro 9:32; 2 Cor 11:11. χάριν τίνος; ὅτι … for what reason? because … 1J 3:12. Foll. by διὰ τοῦτο because … for this reason J 15:19. οὐχ ὅτι … ἀλλʼ ὅτι not because … but because 6:26; 12:6.ⓑ The subordination is oft. so loose that the transl. for recommends itself (B-D-F §456, 1; Rob. 962f). Naturally the line betw. the two groups cannot be drawn with certainty: Mt 7:13; 11:29; Lk 7:47 (on this pass. and 1J 3:14 s. Schwyzer II 646, w. ref. to Il. 16, 34f: ‘infer this from the fact that’); 9:12; 13:31; 16:24; J 1:16f; 9:16; 1 Cor 1:25; 4:9; 10:17; 2 Cor 4:6; 7:8, 14; 1J 3:14.—MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 70ff.⑤ special usesⓐ ὅτι w. acc. and inf. after θεωρεῖν Ac 27:10 (on the mingling of constructions cp. POxy 237 V, 8 δηλῶν ὅτι … δεῖσθαι τὸ πρᾶγμα; EpArist 125; schol. on Clem. of Alex., Protr. p. 296, 11f Stäh.—B-D-F §397, 6; Rob. 1036; Rdm.2 195; MArnim, De Philonis Byzantii dicendi genere, diss. Greifs-wald 1912, 88 [but s. on this Rdm.2 196, 1]). Less irregular is καὶ ὅτι w. a finite verb as the second member dependent on παρακαλεῖν after the inf. ἐμμένειν Ac 14:22.—S. also c, below and HCadbury, JBL 48, 1929, 412–25.ⓑ ὡς ὅτι is found three times in Pauline letters and simply means ‘that’ in the later vernacular (exx. in Mlt. 212; B-D-F §396; Rob. 1033). But the subjective mng. of ὡς must be conceded for the NT, since the Vulgate renders ὡς ὅτι twice w. ‘quasi’ (2 Cor 11:21; 2 Th 2:2) and the third time (2 Cor 5:19) w. ‘quoniam quidem’: διʼ ἐπιστολῆς …, ὡς ὅτι ἐνέστηκεν ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου by a letter … (of such content) that (in the opinion of its writer) the day of the Lord is (now) here 2 Th 2:2. Paul says ironically: κατὰ ἀτιμίαν λέγω, ὡς ὅτι ἡμεῖς ἠσθενήκαμεν I must confess to my shame that we have conducted ourselves as weaklings (as I must concede when I compare my conduct w. the violent treatment you have had fr. others [vs. 20]) 2 Cor 11:21 (for the thought cp. Demosth. 18, 320: ‘I confess it. I am weak, but all the more loyal than you [Aeschines] to my fellow citizens’). Likew. 5:19; we are a new creation in Christ (vs. 17). This does not alter the fact that everything has its origin in God, who reconciled us w. himself through Christ (vs. 18), ὡς ὅτι θεὸς ἦν ἐν Χριστῷ κόσμον καταλλάσσων ἑαυτῷ that is (acc. to Paul’s own conviction), (that) it was God who was reconciling the world to himself in Christ.ⓒ consecutive ὅτι so that (Pel.-Leg. p. 20 τί διδοῖς τοῖς ἀμνοῖς σου ὅτι ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔχουσιν;=what do you give your sheep so that they have eternal life? Acta Christophori p. 68, 18 Usener τοιοῦτοι γάρ εἰσιν οἱ θεοὶ ὑμῶν, ὅτι ὑπὸ γυναικὸς ἐκινήθησαν. Gen 20:9; Judg 14:3; 1 Km 20:1; 3 Km 18:9) ποῦ οὗτος μέλλει πορεύεσθαι, ὅτι ἡμεῖς οὐχ εὑρήσομεν αὐτόν; J 7:35. τί γέγονεν ὅτι … ; what has happened, so that (=to bring it about that) …? 14:22 (so Rob. 1001; difft. Rdm.2 196 and B-D-F §480, 6). This is prob. also the place for οὐδὲν εἰσηνέγκαμεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, ὅτι οὐδὲ ἐξενεγκεῖν τι δυνάμεθα we have brought nothing into the world, so that (as a result) we can take nothing out of it 1 Ti 6:7. τί ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος, ὅτι μιμνῄσκῃ αὐτοῦ; Hb 2:6 (Ps 8:5).—DELG. M-M.
См. также в других словарях:
δέχομαι — (AM δέχομαι Α και δέχνυμαι και δέκομαι) 1. παραλαμβάνω κάτι, παίρνω κάτι που μού προσφέρεται ή μού αποστέλλεται 2. συγκεντρώνω, μαζεύω, χωράει μέσα μου («η φιάλη δεν τό δέχτηκε όλο το νερό», «ὀπὸν κάδοις δέχομαι») 3. ανέχομαι, υπομένω («δεν… … Dictionary of Greek
λέγω — και λέω (AM λέγω, Μ και λέω) 1. εκφράζομαι με τον προφορικό λόγο, ομιλώ, λαλώ (α. «ο καθένας είπε τις απόψεις του» β. «λεγέτω μὲν οὖν περὶ αὐτοῡ ὡς ἕκαστος γιγνώσκει», Θουκ. γ. «ἔλεξαν ὑπὲρ τῶν στρατηγῶν τάδε», Ξεν.) 2. φρονώ, νομίζω (α. «τί λες… … Dictionary of Greek
